Liquid soap, washing powder in the surface active agent to remove dirt, but its chemical composition at the same time can cause two pollution. Nowadays, created by microbial surfactant can replace the traditional chemical synthesis of these preparations, to non-toxic, biodegradable. Reporter recently learned from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of organic chemistry, the Institute recently and Shanghai Huayi Group cooperation, created the first domestic biological surface active agent research and development center, the short term will achieve 1 to 2 product development and application.
" Industrial monosodium glutamate " is a " two-faced "
Surfactant is a kind of important chemical products, dosage is small but essential, known as the " industrial MSG " called. They are " two-faced ", a lipophilic, with oil; the other side is hydrophilic, can combine with water. The routine use of surfactant is washing supplies, it is lipophilic side glue grease particles on the surface of water, as water molecules are washed away. But they and other chemical methods made of surfactants, are not biodegradable, the use of the process will lead to environmental pollution.
In fact, the human body is a natural surface active agent, such as lecithin can emulsify fat, let eat the " oil " digestion, absorption, excretion. Because this kind of biosurfactant production is limited, can not be industrialized production, researchers use a " production " of microbial surfactant, they are derived from natural, attributed to the natural, environmental friendly, and even can be used in medicine, cosmetics and food additives.
" Coffee " scrubbing, flowers and non-stained dust
Reporters at the Shanghai Institute of organic chemistry professor Li Zuyi 's laboratory, see conical bottle filled with coffee as the liquid, it is used for cleaning dust removal biological surface active agent. To a few thousandths of the proportion are dissolved in the water, rinse under overhead road covered with dust pollution of green plants, flowers are such as the new ran-hwan. The " coffee " to " hair bran oil, rice bran oil extraction " -- the " waste " as raw material. Professor Li let microbial " Pseudomonas " in this kind of waste oil in growth and fermentation, secrete " rhamnolipid ", is to clean up the oil removal type biological surfactant active ingredients, and in the natural environment can be degraded completely.
Microbial artificial surfactant or " cleaning " soil expert. Along with the " emitters" chemical plant, petrochemical plant to move to the suburbs, the original site of the surrounding soil is hidden in the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other pollutants, biological surface active agent into the soil and the union, and make them from deep soil, prolapse, so that later period processing.
Displacement of the oil is unique, oil production two into
Biological surfactant flooding, but also used for enhanced oil recovery ratio. Usually, oil field exploitation will automatically after a blowout, but only to pick 5% to 10% of oil exploitation in oil well; two times next to a well, water injection after the oil pressure, it can collect 20% to 30% oil. But the majority of the oil reservoir is still the same sediment mixture, then you need to oil into special microbial growth and nutrients needed, let them in underground edge growth along with the output of biological surface active agent, the adhesion at the sediment surface oil out of the ground. This "three mine", make northeast area oil field 70 meters small area test recovery, the ratio of the two production of " water flooding oil " has raised 20%. Professor Li said, the future will be breeding can with cheap raw materials for the medium of strain, or " constructing gene engineering bacteria ", further reducing cost of production |
